基因技术是雅思写作的经典议题，常出现在教育、科技、社会类话题中，剑桥真题曾多次涉及基因编辑、遗传疾病治疗等方向，要求考生辩证分析技术潜力与伦理风险，本文从雅思评分标准出发，结合7分以上范文案例，系统解析论证策略与学术表达技巧。
基因技术核心议题拆解
剑桥雅思16 Test 4写作题目曾提出："基因编辑技术是否应该用于人类胚胎改造？"此类命题通常包含三大讨论维度：
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医疗突破价值
CRISPR-Cas9技术使遗传病根治成为可能，哈佛医学院数据显示，镰刀型贫血症等4000多种单基因疾病可通过胚胎基因编辑预防，这直接对应雅思写作评分标准中的"Task Achievement"，要求考生用具体案例支持论点。 -
伦理争议焦点
英国纳菲尔德生命伦理学理事会警告，基因增强可能导致"定制婴儿"现象，这类论证需体现"Coherence and Cohesion"要求，使用However, Nevertheless等衔接词建立逻辑关系。"While gene therapy saves lives, the potential for creating designer babies raises questions about social inequality."
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立法监管现状
欧盟《人工生殖技术指令》明确禁止生殖系基因编辑，而中国2023年新规允许体细胞治疗临床试验，在写作中对比不同地区政策，能展现"Lexical Resource"的词汇广度。
高分范文论证结构示范
分析剑桥官方7.5分范文可见，成功论述包含以下要素：
引言段
- 背景句：The rapid advancement of genetic engineering has reached a critical juncture.
- 观点句：While therapeutic applications are justifiable, non-medical enhancements should be strictly regulated.
主体段1（支持论点）
- 主题句：Gene editing presents unprecedented opportunities in eradicating hereditary disorders.
- 例证：The case of Layla Richards, whose leukemia was cured through experimental gene therapy at Great Ormond Street Hospital, demonstrates this potential.
- 数据：WHO reports 10% of global disease burden stems from genetic conditions.
主体段2（反驳论点）
- 让步句：Admittedly, germline modification carries irreversible consequences.
- 反证：The 2018 He Jiankui incident revealed how unethical practices could undermine public trust in science.
- 对比：Somatic cell editing, by contrast, affects only the individual patient.
结论段
- 平衡表述：A moratorium on reproductive editing with continued therapeutic research represents the most prudent approach.
学术词汇升级方案
普通表达：change genes
学术替换：genome modification / genetic alteration / targeted DNA sequencing
普通表达：bad results
学术替换：unintended mutations / off-target effects / genomic instability
常用衔接词：
- 因果关系：Consequently, the scientific community has established strict protocols...
- 对比关系：In contrast to therapeutic applications, cosmetic genetic enhancement...
易错点与提分技巧
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术语误用
错误案例：Gene cloning is the same as gene editing.
修正方案：Cloning replicates entire organisms, whereas editing modifies specific DNA sequences. -
论证单薄
低分表现：Many people think gene technology is dangerous.
高分改写：Bioethicists like Francis Fukuyama argue that unrestricted genetic enhancement could destabilize the concept of human equality.
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时态混乱
错误案例：Scientists discover new gene editing tools last year.
正确时态：Scientists discovered the CRISPR system in 2012, which has since revolutionized biotechnology.
近期雅思写作出现的新趋势包括：基因驱动技术对生态平衡的影响（2024年1月亚太区考题），以及人工智能辅助基因研究的双刃剑效应，建议考生关注《Nature Biotechnology》等期刊的最新伦理讨论，积累前沿案例。
基因议题的本质是科技进步与社会价值观的碰撞，在雅思写作中展现对这种复杂性的理解，比单纯支持或反对更能体现批判性思维，正如剑桥考官评语所示：The highest marks are awarded for responses that acknowledge nuances in the debate.
