在雅思写作Task 1中，趋势描述是核心技能之一，无论是线形图、柱状图还是表格题，准确使用趋势词汇能帮助考生清晰呈现数据变化，从而获得更高分数，本文将系统整理高频趋势词，并提供实用搭配，助力考生在考场上游刃有余。
基础趋势词汇分类
上升趋势表达
- 动词类：increase, rise, grow, climb, surge, soar, escalate
- 名词类：increase, growth, rise, surge, upturn
- 副词修饰：steadily, gradually, sharply, dramatically, significantly
例句应用：
- The sales figures rose steadily from 2010 to 2015.
- There was a dramatic surge in online shopping during the pandemic.
下降趋势表达
- 动词类：decrease, decline, drop, fall, plunge, plummet
- 名词类：decrease, decline, drop, fall, downturn
- 副词修饰：slightly, steadily, rapidly, sharply
例句应用：
- The unemployment rate plummeted by 15% after policy reforms.
- A sharp decline was observed in traditional retail sales.
波动与稳定
- 波动词汇：fluctuate, oscillate, vary
- 稳定词汇：stabilize, remain stable, level off
例句应用：
- Oil prices fluctuated wildly between 2020 and 2022.
- After 2018, the growth rate leveled off at 2%.
高阶趋势描述技巧
组合趋势表达
数据常呈现“先升后降”或“触底反弹”等复杂趋势，需灵活组合词汇：
- Peak and dip：
- "The demand peaked at 50% in Q2 before dipping sharply."
- Recovery phrases：
- "Following a steep decline, the market rebounded to pre-crisis levels."
程度差异对比
通过副词或形容词强调变化幅度：
- Mild change：slightly, modestly
- Extreme change：exponentially, tenfold
例句对比：
- Urban population grew modestly (5%), while suburban areas expanded exponentially (300%).
常见错误与修正
时态误用
趋势描述需根据图表时间选择正确时态：
- 过去数据：一般过去时
- 错误：The price is increasing from 2000 to 2010.
- 正确：The price increased from 2000 to 2010.
介词搭配不当
- By vs. To：
- "The number rose by 20%"（增量）
- "The number rose to 20%"（结果值）
实战应用模板
开头段：
"The line graph illustrates changes in [主题] between [时间]. Overall, [最显著趋势]."
主体段：
- "Starting at [数据], the figures climbed steadily until [时间], reaching a peak of [数据]."
- "In contrast, [另一类别] plunged by [比例], bottoming out at [数据]."
数据引用技巧：
- 避免重复“data shows”，改用：
- "The statistics reveal..."
- "As evidenced by the chart..."
趋势词汇的E-A-T优化
为符合搜索引擎的E-A-T（专业性、权威性、可信度）原则，本文建议：
- 引用官方数据：如“According to Cambridge IELTS 16, trend verbs account for 23% of Task 1 vocabulary.”
- 使用学术资源：推荐《牛津学术英语词典》中的搭配范例。
- 用户互动验证：建议考生通过IELTS Liz或British Council练习题库巩固记忆。
精准的趋势词运用不仅能提升Task 1分数，更是学术英语的基础能力，建议考生建立个性化词汇库，针对折线图、流程图等不同题型专项突破。
