雅思写作考试中，讨论类（Discussion Essay）是常见题型之一，要求考生就某一话题的不同观点进行分析和讨论，这类作文的开头段至关重要，既要清晰表达题目背景，又要明确呈现双方观点，同时展现考生的语言能力和逻辑思维，本文将深入探讨如何写出高质量的讨论类开头，帮助考生在考试中取得高分。

讨论类作文的基本结构

讨论类作文通常要求考生分析某一议题的正反观点，并给出自己的看法，题目可能以“Discuss both views and give your own opinion”或“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”等形式出现，无论是哪种表述，开头段的核心任务是：

• 引入话题：简要介绍题目背景，让读者了解讨论的核心问题。
• 呈现双方观点：清晰概括支持方和反对方的立场。
• 表明立场（可选）：部分考生会在开头段直接表明自己的态度，但更常见的做法是在结尾段提出个人观点。

如何写出吸引考官的开头段

1 背景引入：自然过渡到核心议题

开头段的第一句话应该简洁明了，避免使用过于复杂的句式，可以采用以下方法：

• 现象描述法：

  In recent years, the debate over whether governments should invest more in public transport or private vehicles has intensified.
  （近年来，关于政府应更多投资公共交通还是私家车的争论愈演愈烈。）

• 数据引用法（适合有相关知识的考生）：

  According to a recent survey by the World Health Organization, over 50% of urban residents believe that improving public transport is crucial for reducing traffic congestion.
  （根据世界卫生组织的最新调查，超过50%的城市居民认为改善公共交通对缓解交通拥堵至关重要。）

• 普遍观点法：

  It is widely believed that technological advancements have significantly improved our lives, but some argue that they also bring negative consequences.
  （人们普遍认为科技进步极大改善了生活，但也有人认为它带来了负面影响。）

2 明确双方观点：平衡表达

讨论类作文的关键在于客观呈现两种对立观点，避免在开头段就表现出明显倾向，可以使用以下句型：

• Some people argue that…, while others believe…

  Some people argue that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change, while others believe such policies may harm economic growth.
  （一些人认为更严格的环境法规对应对气候变化至关重要，而另一些人则认为这些政策可能损害经济增长。）

• Proponents of… claim that…, whereas opponents argue…

  Proponents of online education claim that it offers greater flexibility, whereas opponents argue that traditional classroom learning provides better interaction.
  （在线教育的支持者认为它更具灵活性，而反对者则认为传统课堂学习能提供更好的互动。）

• There is a growing divide between those who support… and those who oppose…

  There is a growing divide between those who support the legalization of marijuana for medical use and those who oppose it due to potential abuse.
  （支持医用大麻合法化的人和因潜在滥用风险而反对的人之间分歧日益加深。）

3 避免常见错误

• 过于主观：开头段应保持中立，避免过早表达个人立场。
• 背景过长：背景介绍只需1-2句，重点在于快速切入正题。
• 观点表述模糊：确保双方立场清晰，避免模棱两可的表达。

高分开头段示例分析

示例1：科技对社会的影响

The rapid development of technology has transformed the way people live and work. While some argue that technological innovations enhance productivity and connectivity, others contend that they lead to job losses and social isolation. This essay will examine both perspectives before reaching a conclusion.

分析：

• 首句简要介绍背景（科技发展）。
• 第二句用“while”连接两种对立观点，结构清晰。
• 最后一句说明文章结构，符合雅思写作规范。

示例2：远程办公的利弊

Remote work has become increasingly popular, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Advocates highlight its benefits, such as reduced commuting time and greater work-life balance, whereas critics point out challenges like decreased team collaboration and blurred boundaries between work and personal life.

分析：

• 背景引入结合时事（疫情），增强现实感。
• 使用“advocates”和“critics”区分双方立场，逻辑分明。
• 具体举例（减少通勤时间、团队协作减弱）使论证更充实。

如何根据题目调整开头

不同的讨论类题目需要不同的开头策略：

• 政策类题目（如“是否应提高燃油税”）：

  Governments worldwide are considering higher fuel taxes to reduce carbon emissions. Supporters argue that this measure can encourage the use of greener alternatives, while opponents claim it unfairly burdens low-income families.

• 教育类题目（如“是否应取消标准化考试”）：

  Standardized testing has long been a controversial topic in education. Some educators believe it provides an objective measure of student performance, whereas others argue that it stifles creativity and causes unnecessary stress.

• 社会趋势类题目（如“独居现象增多是好是坏”）：

  An increasing number of people are choosing to live alone, particularly in urban areas. Proponents view this trend as a sign of greater personal freedom, while critics warn of potential social fragmentation.

个人观点：如何让开头更具说服力

虽然讨论类作文强调平衡分析，但开头段仍可通过语言技巧增强说服力：

• 使用权威来源：引用研究或专家观点提升可信度。

  A study published in Nature suggests that urban green spaces can reduce stress levels by up to 30%, lending support to the argument for more parks in cities.

• 对比强烈观点：通过鲜明对比突出讨论价值。

  On one hand, space exploration is seen as a waste of resources that could be used to solve Earth’s problems. On the other hand, it is defended as essential for humanity’s long-term survival.

• 设问引入（适度使用）：

  Should universities prioritize practical skills over theoretical knowledge? This question has sparked heated debates among educators and employers alike.

雅思讨论类作文的开头段不仅是文章的门面，更是展示语言能力和逻辑思维的关键部分，通过精准的背景引入、清晰的双方观点呈现和适当的语言修饰，考生可以在开头就赢得考官的好感，为全文奠定高分基础，多加练习不同话题的开头写作,考试时自然能快速构思出符合要求的段落。