Air quality is a critical topic affecting health, environment, and daily life. Whether you're a student, traveler, or professional, knowing the right English terms helps you discuss and understand air pollution, weather reports, and scientific data. Here’s a comprehensive guide to key vocabulary.
Basic Air Quality Terms
Air Quality Index (AQI)
A standardized scale measuring pollution levels. Values range from 0 (good) to 500 (hazardous).
Particulate Matter (PM2.5/PM10)
Tiny particles in the air. PM2.5 (≤2.5 microns) penetrates lungs; PM10 (≤10 microns) affects respiratory health.
Ozone (O₃)
A gas formed by chemical reactions. Ground-level ozone harms lungs; stratospheric ozone protects against UV rays.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A colorless, odorless gas from incomplete combustion. High levels cause headaches or fatalities.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)
Emitted by burning fossil fuels. Contributes to acid rain and respiratory issues.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)
A reddish-brown gas from vehicles and industry. Aggravates asthma and forms smog.
Pollution Sources & Types
Emissions
Gases or particles released into the air, often from factories, cars, or wildfires.
Smog
A mix of smoke and fog, now referring to urban air pollution (e.g., "photochemical smog" from sunlight reacting with emissions).
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
Gases like CO₂ and methane that trap heat, driving climate change.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Chemicals from paints, cleaners, and fuels. Contribute to indoor air pollution.
Industrial Pollution
Waste gases from manufacturing, mining, or energy production.
Health & Environmental Impact
Respiratory Diseases
Conditions like asthma or COPD worsened by poor air quality.
Allergens
Pollen, dust, or mold spores triggering allergic reactions.
Acid Rain
Rainfall contaminated by SO₂/NO₂, harming ecosystems and buildings.
Eutrophication
Excess nitrogen in water from air pollution, causing algal blooms.
Climate Change
Long-term shifts from GHG buildup, affecting weather and sea levels.
Measurement & Control
Air Quality Monitoring
Tracking pollution via sensors, satellites, or government stations.
Purifiers & Filters
Devices removing pollutants from indoor air (e.g., HEPA filters).
Renewable Energy
Clean power sources (solar, wind) reducing fossil fuel dependence.
Emission Standards
Legal limits on pollutants from vehicles or factories.
Carbon Footprint
Individual or organizational GHG emissions.
Phrases for Daily Use
- "The AQI today is unhealthy for sensitive groups."
- "Wildfire smoke has spiked PM2.5 levels."
- "Ozone alerts are common in summer."
- "Indoor plants can reduce VOCs."
Understanding these terms empowers you to make informed choices, from checking daily AQI reports to advocating for cleaner air policies. As air quality debates grow globally, this vocabulary bridges communication gaps and fosters healthier communities.
