雅思写作Task 1(小作文)要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的图表分析报告,双边对比类题目是常见题型之一,主要考察考生对数据的对比、趋势分析和关键特征的把握能力,本文将深入解析双边对比类小作文的写作技巧,帮助考生高效备考。
双边对比类题目特点
通常呈现两组或两类数据,要求考生进行比较分析,常见的图表类型包括:
- 柱状图(Bar Chart):对比不同组别的数值差异
- 表格(Table):展示多组数据的对比关系
- 线图(Line Graph):比较两条或多条趋势线的变化
- 饼图(Pie Chart):呈现不同类别的占比差异
的核心在于找出两组数据之间的相似点与差异点,并准确描述。
高分写作结构
引言段(Introduction)
用1-2句话改写题目,说明图表展示的内容,避免直接照抄题目,可调整句式或替换同义词。
示例:
The bar chart compares the average monthly expenditure on three categories (food, transportation, and entertainment) between two countries (A and B) in 2022.
概述段(Overview)
用2-3句话概括数据的总体趋势或最显著特征,不涉及具体数字,这是得分关键部分。
示例:
Overall, Country A spent significantly more on food and transportation, while Country B allocated a higher proportion of its budget to entertainment. Additionally, food was the largest expense in both nations.
主体段(Body Paragraphs)
通常分为两段,每段聚焦一组数据或一个对比维度。
主体段1:突出主要差异
- 选择最明显的对比点(如最高值、最低值)
- 使用比较级(higher/lower than)和倍数关系(twice as much as)
- 引用具体数据支持描述
示例:
Country A’s food expenditure averaged $500 per month, which was nearly double that of Country B ($260). Similarly, transportation costs in Country A ($300) exceeded those in Country B by approximately 50%.
主体段2:补充次要差异或相似点
- 分析剩余数据的对比关系
- 注意转折词(however, in contrast)的使用
示例:
In contrast, Country B allocated 35% of its total spending to entertainment, whereas this category accounted for only 15% in Country A. Despite the differences, both countries prioritized food over other expenses.
语言表达技巧
多样化比较句式
避免重复使用“higher than”,可替换为:
- A surpassed B in...
- B lagged behind A in...
- The gap between A and B was notable in...
数据引用方式
- 精确数据:reached a peak of 80%
- 约数表达:approximately 70%, roughly three-quarters
- 趋势描述:a gradual increase, a sharp decline
衔接词运用
增强逻辑连贯性:
- 对比:by comparison, on the other hand
- 相似:likewise, similarly
常见错误与规避
- 主观臆断:避免猜测数据原因(如“因为经济发达”),仅描述可见信息。
- 遗漏关键数据:需涵盖图表中所有类别,不可选择性忽略。
- 时态错误:过去数据用过去时,预测数据用将来时。
实战案例分析
以一道真题为例:
The table below shows the percentage of students choosing different science subjects at a university in 2005 and 2015.
高分范文节选:
In 2005, physics was the most popular subject (35%), followed by chemistry (30%) and biology (25%). By 2015, however, biology had become the top choice (40%), while physics and chemistry dropped to 25% and 20% respectively. Notably, the proportion of students selecting other sciences doubled from 10% to 20%.
个人观点
雅思小作文的双边对比题并非单纯罗列数据,而是考察逻辑归纳与精准表达,考生应通过大量练习培养快速抓取关键信息的能力,同时积累多样化的比较表达,清晰的概述和准确的数据引用比华丽的词汇更重要。