雅思考试的书信写作任务要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇150词以上的信件,无论是正式、半正式还是非正式信件,清晰的结构是得分关键,本文将详细解析雅思书信小作文的标准结构,帮助考生高效组织内容,提升写作分数。
信件开头:称呼与引言
1 称呼(Salutation) 设定的收信人身份:
- 正式信件(如投诉信、申请信):
- 已知姓名:Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Johnson
- 未知姓名:Dear Sir/Madam
- 半正式信件(如写给房东、同事):
Dear [First Name](如Dear John)
- 非正式信件(如朋友、家人):
Hi [First Name] / Dear [First Name]
注意:称呼后使用逗号(英式)或冒号(美式),但雅思考试中两者均可接受。
2 引言(Opening Sentence)
首段需简洁表明写信目的,常见句型包括:
- 正式信件:
- I am writing to express my concern about…
- I would like to formally request…
- 半正式/非正式信件:
- I hope you are doing well. I’m writing to ask…
- Just a quick note to let you know…
示例:
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing to complain about the faulty product I purchased from your store last week.
信件主体:分段展开内容
主体部分通常分为2-3段,每段聚焦一个核心点,逻辑需清晰连贯。
1 第一段:背景与细节
提供事件背景或具体问题,用事实支撑:
- 正式信件:
On [date], I purchased [item] from your store, but it malfunctioned within [timeframe].
- 非正式信件:
Remember we planned to visit the museum? I found out they have a special exhibition next month.
2 第二段:需求或建议
明确表达诉求或提出解决方案:
- 投诉信:
I would appreciate it if you could replace the item or issue a full refund.
- 建议信:
Perhaps we could meet earlier to avoid the crowd.
3 第三段:补充信息(可选)
根据需要补充额外细节或情感表达:
- 申请信:
I have attached my resume for your reference.
- 非正式信件:
Let me know if you need help with the tickets!
信件结尾:礼貌收束
1 结束语(Closing Sentence)
简短总结或表达期待:
- 正式信件:
I look forward to your prompt reply.
- 非正式信件:
Hope to hear from you soon!
2 署名(Sign-off)
与称呼风格一致:
- 正式信件:
Yours sincerely(已知姓名) / Yours faithfully(未知姓名)
- 半正式/非正式信件:
Best regards / Kind regards / Warm wishes
示例:
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
高分技巧与常见错误
1 时间分配建议
- 2分钟:审题、规划结构
- 15分钟:写作
- 3分钟:检查语法与逻辑
2 语言风格调整
- 正式信件:避免缩写(如I’m → I am),使用被动语态(如The issue was caused by…)。
- 非正式信件:可使用口语化表达(如Can’t wait to see you!)。
3 常见扣分点
- 格式错误:漏写称呼或署名。 遗漏**:未覆盖题目所有要求。
- 字数不足:建议写160-180词以确保充分展开。
实战范文分析
You recently bought a defective item from a store. Write a letter to the manager to complain.
范文:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to report an issue with a coffee maker I purchased from your store on 10th May. The product (Model X-200) stopped working after two days of use.
Despite following the instructions carefully, the machine overheats and shuts down automatically. As this is a safety hazard, I request an immediate replacement or a full refund of £50.
I have attached the receipt and warranty card for your reference. Please contact me at 123-456-7890 to resolve this matter.
Yours faithfully,
Alex Chen
点评:
- 结构完整,覆盖投诉、诉求、证据三要素。
- 用词正式但简洁,符合商务信函标准。
雅思书信写作的核心在于“任务完成度”与“逻辑清晰度”,通过固定结构训练,考生可快速适应各类题目,避免临场慌乱,多模仿高分范文的段落划分与句式,逐步形成自己的写作模板。