在英语学习中,since 是一个高频词汇,但它的用法却让不少人感到困惑,它既可以表示时间,又能表达原因,具体含义取决于上下文,如果你想彻底掌握这个单词,不妨花几分钟读完这篇文章。
since 的基本含义
Since 主要有两种核心用法:
- 表示时间(从过去某一刻开始持续到现在)
- 表示原因(相当于“因为”)
这两种用法在句子结构上有明显区别,但都离不开一个共同点:since 强调某种持续性或逻辑关系。
since 表示时间的用法
当 since 用于时间,它通常指“从某个时间点开始,一直持续到现在”,句子常搭配完成时态(现在完成时或过去完成时)。
接具体时间点
- I have lived here since 2010.(我从2010年起住在这里。)
- She has been a teacher since last year.(她去年开始当老师。)
接从句(过去发生的动作)
- He hasn’t called me since he left.(他离开后就没给我打过电话。)
- They’ve been friends since they met in college.(他们从大学认识起就是朋友。)
常见搭配:ever since
为了加强语气,可以用 ever since,表示“从那时起一直……”。
- She moved to London in 2015 and has worked there ever since.(她2015年搬到伦敦,此后一直在那里工作。)
注意:since 表示时间时,主句通常用现在完成时,但如果是“It is + 时间段 + since…”结构,主句可以用一般现在时。
- It’s ten years since we last met.(我们上次见面已经是十年前了。)
since 表示原因的用法
作为连词,since 可以引导原因状语从句,意思接近 because 或 as,但语气更委婉,通常用于已知的事实或显而易见的理由。
用于句首或句中
- Since you’re busy, I’ll help you with the project.(既然你忙,这个项目我来帮你。)
- She didn’t attend the meeting, since she was sick.(她没参加会议,因为她病了。)
与 because 的区别
- Because 强调直接原因,回答“为什么”;
- Since 侧重已知的、不言而喻的理由。
对比:
- Because it rained, the game was canceled.(因为下雨,比赛取消了。——直接原因)
- Since you’re here, let’s start the discussion.(既然你来了,我们开始讨论吧。——隐含“大家都知道你来了”)
since 的其他用法
除了时间和原因,since 偶尔在口语中表示“后来”或“此后”,但这类用法较少见。
- He graduated in 2020 and has traveled to 20 countries since.(他2020年毕业,此后去过20个国家。)
常见错误与纠正
错误1:since 和 for 混淆
- ❌ I have studied English since three years.
- ✅ I have studied English for three years.(for + 时间段)
- ✅ I have studied English since 2021.(since + 时间点)
错误2:时态搭配不当
- ❌ She works here since 2018.
- ✅ She has worked here since 2018.
实用例句巩固记忆
-
时间用法
- We haven’t seen each other since Christmas.
- Since the company was founded, it has grown rapidly.
-
原因用法
- Since you asked, I’ll tell you the truth.
- He didn’t buy the car, since it was too expensive.
-
混合用法
- Since you joined the team, the performance has improved. (既表时间,又隐含原因)
掌握 since 的关键在于分清它是强调“时间起点”还是“逻辑原因”,多读例句、结合语境练习,很快就能用得自然流畅,如果你在阅读或写作中遇到不确定的情况,不妨回顾这篇文章的要点。