雅思写作Task 1中,图表描述是高频题型,掌握精准的词汇不仅能提升表达的丰富性,还能帮助考生在词汇多样性(Lexical Resource)评分项中拿到高分,本文将系统整理各类图表题的核心词汇,并提供实用例句,助力考生高效备考。
图表类型基础词汇
常见图表名称
- Line graph(折线图):展示趋势变化的首选图表
Example: The line graph illustrates the changes in car sales from 2000 to 2020. - Bar chart(柱状图):比较不同类别数据的理想选择
Example: The bar chart compares the population growth in five Asian countries. - Pie chart(饼图):呈现比例分配的经典形式
Example: The pie chart displays the energy consumption by sector in Australia. - Table(表格):提供精确数值对比
Example: The table gives detailed information about employment rates across age groups. - Process diagram(流程图):描述步骤或阶段的工具
Example: The process diagram shows how recycled paper is manufactured.
组合图表表达
- Combined graph(组合图表)
Example: The combined graph features a line graph and a bar chart depicting tourism trends.
数据描述核心动词
上升趋势动词
强度分级 | 动词选择 | 适用场景 |
---|---|---|
剧烈上升 | surge, rocket, soar | 短期快速增长 |
稳定上升 | increase, rise, grow | 常规描述 |
小幅上升 | climb, edge up | 微弱变化 |
Example: Online sales surged by 150% during the pandemic period.
下降趋势动词
强度分级 | 动词选择 |
---|---|
急剧下降 | plummet, plunge |
持续下降 | decline, decrease |
小幅下降 | dip, drop slightly |
Example: Coal consumption plunged to its lowest point in 2020.
波动与稳定
- Fluctuate(波动)
Example: Gold prices fluctuated throughout the decade. - Stabilize(稳定)
Example: After 2015, the unemployment rate stabilized at around 5%
数据修饰关键副词
变化幅度描述
- Dramatically(剧烈地)
Example: Exports increased dramatically in the third quarter. - Gradually(逐渐地)
Example: The number of graduates gradually rose over the period. - Marginally(轻微地)
Example: House prices grew marginally in rural areas.
变化速度表达
- Rapidly(迅速地)
- Steadily(稳定地)
- Sharply(急剧地)
比例与占比高级表达
精确比例描述
- Account for(占据)
Example: Renewable energy accounts for 30% of total production. - Constitute(构成)
Example: Female workers constitute 45% of the workforce. - Make up(组成)
Example: Private cars make up two-thirds of vehicle emissions.
近似比例表达
- Approximately(大约)
- Roughly(粗略地)
- Nearly(接近)
位置关系专业术语
排名表述
- Rank first(排名第一)
Example: China ranks first in solar panel production. - Overtake(超越)
Example: Electric vehicles overtook diesel cars in sales last year.
数值位置
- Peak at(达到峰值)
Example: CO2 emissions peaked at 40 million tons in 2010. - Bottom out at(触底)
Example: The birth rate bottomed out at 1.2% in 2022.
流程图专用词汇
阶段连接词
- Initially(最初)
- Subsequently(随后)
- Ultimately(
过程动词
- Filter(过滤)
- Convert(转换)
- Distribute(分配)
地图题核心表达
方位描述
- To the northeast of(在...东北部)
- Adjacent to(毗邻)
- In close proximity to(靠近)
变化动词
- Demolish(拆除)
- Construct(建造)
- Expand(扩建)
易混淆词汇辨析
-
Increase vs Rise
- Increase 可作及物/不及物动词
- Rise 仅作不及物动词
-
Percentage vs Proportion
- Percentage 指具体百分比数字
- Proportion 强调相对比例关系
实战应用技巧
- 避免重复:交替使用同义词,如show/depict/illustrate
- 精准修饰:严格匹配数据特征选择副词
- 时态统一:过去数据用一般过去时,预测用将来时
掌握这些词汇需要持续练习,建议考生每周分析3-5篇官方范文,建立自己的词汇库,在真实考试中,合理运用15-20个精准图表词汇即可显著提升分数表现。
雅思写作的本质是信息重组能力,而非单纯词汇堆砌,这些专业术语如同建筑师的工具,恰当运用才能构建出逻辑清晰的数据分析。