无论是留学生活、海外工作,还是想提升英语能力,家务相关的词汇都是实用英语的重要组成部分,熟练运用这些表达,能让日常交流更流畅,也能帮助孩子学习生活英语。
基础家务分类与对应词汇
清洁类(Cleaning)
- Sweep [swiːp] 扫地
例:Remember to sweep the kitchen floor after dinner. - Mop [mɒp] 拖地
例:She mops the hardwood floors every Saturday. - Dust [dʌst] 除尘
例:Don't forget to dust the bookshelves. - Vacuum ['vækjuːm] 用吸尘器清洁
例:I need to vacuum the carpet before guests arrive. - Wipe [waɪp] 擦拭
例:Wipe the table with a damp cloth.
特殊清洁场景:
- Scrub [skrʌb] 用力擦洗(浴缸、瓷砖等)
- Disinfect [ˌdɪsɪn'fekt] 消毒
- Deodorize [diː'əʊdəraɪz] 除臭
洗衣类(Laundry)
- Wash [wɒʃ] 洗涤
- Rinse [rɪns] 漂洗
- Spin [spɪn] 脱水
- Hang dry 晾干
- Iron ['aɪən] 熨烫
例:This shirt needs to be ironed. - Fold [fəʊld] 折叠
常见搭配:fold clothes/towels/sheets
专业术语:
- Bleach [bliːtʃ] 漂白剂
- Fabric softener 衣物柔顺剂
- Stain remover 去渍剂
厨房事务(Kitchen chores)
- Wash dishes 洗碗
- Load/Unload the dishwasher 装/卸洗碗机
- Peel [piːl] 削皮(蔬菜水果)
- Chop [tʃɒp] 切碎
- Grate [ɡreɪt] 磨碎
- Simmer ['sɪmə] 炖煮
- Defrost [diː'frɒst] 解冻
厨房清洁重点:
- Scour ['skaʊə] 擦亮(锅具)
- Degrease [diː'ɡriːs] 去油污
- Organize the pantry 整理食品储藏室
进阶家务表达
工具与设备
- Stepladder 折叠梯
- Squeegee ['skwiːdʒiː] 玻璃刮刀
- Dustpan 簸箕
- Clothes peg 晾衣夹
- Scouring pad 百洁布
现代家电:
- Robot vacuum 扫地机器人
- Steam mop 蒸汽拖把
- Air fryer 空气炸锅
频率表达
- Daily chores 日常家务
make the bed(铺床)、take out the trash(倒垃圾) - Weekly tasks 周常事务
change bed sheets(换床单)、water plants(浇花) - Seasonal cleaning 季节大扫除
clean the gutters(清理排水沟)、wash windows(擦窗户)
实用对话场景
情景1:分配家务
A: Could you help me with the housework this weekend?
B: Sure, what needs to be done?
A: The bathroom needs scrubbing, and the living room carpet should be vacuumed.
情景2:超市采购清洁用品
A: We're running out of cleaning supplies.
B: Let me check... We need more dish soap, trash bags, and a new mop head.
情景3:处理衣物问题
A: Oh no! I spilled coffee on my white blouse.
B: Quick! Apply some stain remover before it sets.
文化差异小贴士
-
英美差异:
- 英国多用"hoover"表示吸尘(源自品牌名),美国通用"vacuum"
- 英国称"washing-up liquid"(洗洁精),美国说"dish soap"
-
西方家庭常见但中国人可能不熟悉的家务:
- Rake leaves 耙落叶
- Shovel snow 铲雪
- Mow the lawn 修剪草坪
-
环保趋势词汇:
- Compost 堆肥
- Upcycle 升级改造
- Eco-friendly cleaner 环保清洁剂
亲子家务英语
教孩子做家务时的实用句型:
- "Put your toys in the toy box."
- "Help me set the table."
- "Fold your pajamas and place them under the pillow."
儿童家务清单常用词:
- Tidy up 整理
- Sort 分类
- Wipe down 擦干净
掌握这些词汇后,看英文家政视频、阅读电器说明书或与外国室友沟通都会变得轻松许多,建议制作单词闪卡贴在对应工具上,或设立"英语家务日"实践练习,语言学习最有效的方式永远是实际运用,从今天开始,试着用英语规划你的家务流程吧。