雅思写作小作文要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的图表描述，无论是线图、柱状图、饼图还是表格，精准、流畅的表达是关键，本文将提供实用语料库，帮助考生掌握描述趋势、比较数据、总结信息的核心技巧，确保在考试中高效得分。
描述趋势的核心词汇
上升趋势
- 动词：increase, rise, grow, climb, soar, surge
- 名词：increase, rise, growth, upward trend
- 副词：sharply, significantly, steadily, gradually
- 例句：
- The number of online shoppers rose sharply from 10% to 35% between 2010 and 2020.
- There was a steady increase in the consumption of renewable energy over the decade.
下降趋势
- 动词：decrease, decline, drop, fall, plummet
- 名词：decrease, decline, drop, downward trend
- 副词：dramatically, slightly, steadily, rapidly
- 例句：
- The unemployment rate dropped significantly after the government implemented new policies.
- A sharp decline was observed in the sales of traditional newspapers.
平稳趋势
- 动词：remain stable, stay constant, level off
- 名词：stability, plateau
- 例句：
- The price of oil remained stable during the first quarter of the year.
- After a period of growth, the market demand leveled off at around 50%.
比较数据的经典句型
比较大小
- A is higher/lower than B：
- The consumption of coffee is significantly higher than that of tea in European countries.
- A exceeds B by X%：
- In 2020, the GDP of Country A exceeded that of Country B by 15%.
倍数表达
- twice as much/many as：
- The population of City X is twice as large as that of City Y.
- three times higher than：
- The production of electric vehicles in 2023 was three times higher than in 2018.
占比描述
- account for / make up：
- Renewable energy accounts for 30% of the total energy supply.
- constitute / represent：
- Female employees constitute nearly half of the workforce in this industry.
数据总结的常用表达
概括主要趋势
- Overall, the data shows that...
- In general, there was a clear trend towards...
- The most striking feature is...
强调最高/最低值
- The highest figure was recorded in...
- The lowest point occurred during...
- Peaking at X%, the data indicates...
预测未来趋势
- It is projected that...
- If this trend continues,...
- Future data may show...
不同图表类型的写作策略
线图（Line Graph）
- 重点描述变化趋势，突出关键时间点的数据波动。
- 使用连接词：Meanwhile, Subsequently, In contrast
柱状图（Bar Chart）
- 比较不同类别数据，强调最大值和最小值。
- 使用句型：While A is..., B is...
饼图（Pie Chart）
- 描述比例分布，突出主要部分。
- 使用词汇：majority, minority, the largest segment
表格（Table）
- 横向和纵向对比数据，提取关键信息。
- 使用表达：as opposed to, in comparison with
避免常见错误
- 机械罗列数据：避免逐条描述，应归纳趋势。
- 忽略单位：确保数据单位（%, million, kg等）清晰。
- 时态混乱：过去数据用过去时，预测用将来时。
- 过度主观：小作文不需要个人观点，仅客观描述。
高分范文示例
The chart below shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries from 2000 to 2020.
范文：
The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with internet access in Country A, Country B, and Country C over a 20-year period.
In 2000, Country A had the highest internet penetration rate at 20%, while Country B and Country C lagged behind at 5% and 2% respectively. Over the next decade, all three countries experienced significant growth. By 2010, Country A’s figure had surged to 65%, followed by Country B at 40% and Country C at 25%.
The most dramatic increase occurred in Country C between 2010 and 2020, when its internet adoption rate skyrocketed from 25% to 80%, surpassing both Country A and Country B. Meanwhile, Country A’s growth slowed, reaching 85% in 2020, while Country B plateaued at around 70%.
Overall, internet access became more widespread in all three nations, with Country C showing the most remarkable progress in the final decade.
掌握这些语料和技巧，考生可以更自信地应对雅思小作文，确保在有限时间内写出逻辑清晰、表达精准的高分答案。
