在英语学习中,掌握家庭成员的称呼是基础且重要的部分,无论是日常交流、写作还是考试,这些词汇都频繁出现,本文将系统整理家庭成员的英文表达,涵盖核心亲属、远亲、姻亲关系,并提供实用例句,帮助读者准确运用。
核心家庭成员
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Parents(父母)
- Father /ˈfɑːðər/(父亲):正式用语,口语中常用 Dad。
例句:My father is a doctor. - Mother /ˈmʌðər/(母亲):正式用语,口语中常用 Mum(英式)或 Mom(美式)。
例句:Her mother teaches English.
- Father /ˈfɑːðər/(父亲):正式用语,口语中常用 Dad。
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Children(子女)
- Son /sʌn/(儿子)
例句:Their son plays football. - Daughter /ˈdɔːtər/(女儿)
例句:She has two daughters.
- Son /sʌn/(儿子)
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Siblings(兄弟姐妹)
- Brother /ˈbrʌðər/(兄弟)
例句:My brother is older than me. - Sister /ˈsɪstər/(姐妹)
例句:Her sister lives abroad.
- Brother /ˈbrʌðər/(兄弟)
扩展亲属关系
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Grandparents(祖父母)
- Grandfather /ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər/(祖父):口语常用 Grandpa。
例句:My grandfather tells great stories. - Grandmother /ˈɡrændˌmʌðər/(祖母):口语常用 Grandma。
例句:Her grandmother bakes cookies.
- Grandfather /ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər/(祖父):口语常用 Grandpa。
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Grandchildren(孙辈)
- Grandson /ˈɡrændsʌn/(孙子)
例句:Their grandson visits every summer. - Granddaughter /ˈɡrændˌdɔːtər/(孙女)
例句:She loves her granddaughter dearly.
- Grandson /ˈɡrændsʌn/(孙子)
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Uncles & Aunts(叔伯姑姨)
- Uncle /ˈʌŋkl/(叔叔/舅舅):父亲或母亲的兄弟。
例句:My uncle works in a bank. - Aunt /ɑːnt/(姑姑/阿姨):父亲或母亲的姐妹。
例句:Her aunt is a teacher.
- Uncle /ˈʌŋkl/(叔叔/舅舅):父亲或母亲的兄弟。
姻亲关系
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Spouses(配偶)
- Husband /ˈhʌzbənd/(丈夫)
例句:Her husband is a lawyer. - Wife /waɪf/(妻子)
例句:His wife runs a café.
- Husband /ˈhʌzbənd/(丈夫)
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In-laws(姻亲)
- Father-in-law(岳父/公公)
例句:He gets along well with his father-in-law. - Mother-in-law(岳母/婆婆)
例句:She often cooks for her mother-in-law. - Brother-in-law(姐夫/妹夫/小叔子等)
例句:His brother-in-law helps with the business. - Sister-in-law(嫂子/弟媳/姑子等)
例句:Her sister-in-law is very kind.
- Father-in-law(岳父/公公)
其他常见亲属
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Cousins(堂表兄弟姐妹)
- Cousin /ˈkʌzn/(堂/表兄弟姐妹):不分性别,需结合上下文。
例句:We play chess with our cousins.
- Cousin /ˈkʌzn/(堂/表兄弟姐妹):不分性别,需结合上下文。
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Nephews & Nieces(侄子侄女)
- Nephew /ˈnefjuː/(侄子/外甥)
例句:His nephew is learning to swim. - Niece /niːs/(侄女/外甥女)
例句:She buys gifts for her niece.
- Nephew /ˈnefjuː/(侄子/外甥)
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Stepfamily(继亲)
- Stepfather(继父)
例句:Her stepfather is very supportive. - Stepmother(继母)
例句:His stepmother teaches art. - Stepsister/Stepbrother(继姐妹/继兄弟)
例句:They share a room with their stepsister.
- Stepfather(继父)
实用表达与例句
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描述家庭结构
- 例句:I live with my parents and younger brother.
- 例句:Her grandparents look after the children.
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介绍亲属关系
- 例句:This is my aunt on my mother’s side.
- 例句:He is married to my sister, so he’s my brother-in-law.
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文化差异提示
- 英语中不区分“堂亲”和“表亲”,均用 cousin。
- “公公”和“岳父”在英文中均为 father-in-law,需根据语境判断。
常见问题解答
Q: “兄弟姐妹”用英语怎么说?
A: 统称为 siblings,I have three siblings.
Q: “曾祖父”如何表达?
A: Great-grandfather,曾孙则为 great-grandson。
Q: 如何区分“继父”和“养父”?
A: 继父是 stepfather,养父为 adoptive father。
掌握这些词汇后,不仅能提升英语交流能力,还能更准确地理解影视、书籍中的家庭关系描写,建议结合家族照片或树状图练习,加深记忆。
英语家庭称谓虽不如中文复杂,但精准使用能体现语言功底,多听多说,自然能熟练运用。