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What Are the English Words for Family Members?

在英语学习中,掌握家人称谓的词汇是基础且重要的部分,无论是日常交流、阅读还是写作,这些词汇都频繁出现,本文将详细介绍英语中常见的家人称谓,帮助访客更准确地使用这些词汇。

What Are the English Words for Family Members?-图1

核心家庭成员称谓

父母与子女

  1. Father(父亲)
    正式用语,口语中常用 DadDaddy(更亲昵)。

    • My father is a doctor.(我父亲是医生。)
  2. Mother(母亲)
    正式用语,口语中多用 Mom(美式)或 Mum(英式)。

    • Her mother teaches English.(她母亲教英语。)
  3. Son(儿子)

    • Their son is studying abroad.(他们的儿子在国外留学。)
  4. Daughter(女儿)

    • She has two daughters.(她有两个女儿。)

兄弟姐妹

  1. Brother(兄弟)

    • He has an older brother.(他有一个哥哥。)
  2. Sister(姐妹)

    • My sister is a lawyer.(我姐姐是律师。)
  3. Sibling(兄弟姐妹,统称)

    • Do you have any siblings?(你有兄弟姐妹吗?)

扩展家庭成员称谓

祖父母与外祖父母

  1. Grandfather(祖父/外祖父)
    口语中常用 GrandpaGrandad

    • My grandfather served in the army.(我祖父曾在军队服役。)
  2. Grandmother(祖母/外祖母)
    口语中多用 GrandmaGranny

    • Her grandmother bakes delicious cookies.(她祖母烤的饼干很好吃。)
  3. Grandson(孙子/外孙)

    What Are the English Words for Family Members?-图2

    • Their grandson visits every weekend.(他们的孙子每周末都来。)
  4. Granddaughter(孙女/外孙女)

    • She loves her granddaughter dearly.(她非常疼爱她的孙女。)

叔伯姑姨舅等亲属

  1. Uncle(叔叔/伯伯/舅舅/姑父/姨父)

    • My uncle lives in Canada.(我叔叔住在加拿大。)
  2. Aunt(阿姨/姑姑/姨妈/舅妈)

    • Her aunt is a famous artist.(她阿姨是一位著名艺术家。)
  3. Cousin(堂/表兄弟姐妹)

    • We grew up with our cousins.(我们和表兄弟姐妹一起长大。)
  4. Nephew(侄子/外甥)

    • He bought a gift for his nephew.(他给侄子买了礼物。)
  5. Niece(侄女/外甥女)

    • Her niece is learning piano.(她的侄女在学钢琴。)

婚姻关系中的称谓

配偶与伴侣

  1. Husband(丈夫)

    • Her husband is an engineer.(她丈夫是工程师。)
  2. Wife(妻子)

    • His wife works in a hospital.(他妻子在医院工作。)
  3. Spouse(配偶,性别中立)

    • Please bring your spouse to the event.(请带你的配偶参加活动。)
  4. Partner(伴侣,可用于婚姻或非婚姻关系)

    What Are the English Words for Family Members?-图3

    • She introduced her partner at the party.(她在派对上介绍了她的伴侣。)

姻亲关系

  1. Father-in-law(岳父/公公)

    • He gets along well with his father-in-law.(他和岳父相处得很好。)
  2. Mother-in-law(岳母/婆婆)

    • Her mother-in-law is very kind.(她婆婆非常和蔼。)
  3. Son-in-law(女婿)

    • Their son-in-law is a teacher.(他们的女婿是老师。)
  4. Daughter-in-law(儿媳)

    • She treats her daughter-in-law like her own child.(她把儿媳当亲生孩子对待。)
  5. Brother-in-law(姐夫/妹夫/小叔子/连襟)

    • His brother-in-law helps him with the business.(他姐夫帮他打理生意。)
  6. Sister-in-law(嫂子/弟媳/姑子/姨子)

    • She often goes shopping with her sister-in-law.(她经常和嫂子一起逛街。)

其他常见家庭称谓

  1. Stepfather(继父)

    • Her stepfather is very supportive.(她继父非常支持她。)
  2. Stepmother(继母)

    • He has a good relationship with his stepmother.(他和继母关系很好。)
  3. Stepson(继子)

    • His stepson is in high school.(他继子在上高中。)
  4. Stepdaughter(继女)

    What Are the English Words for Family Members?-图4

    • She loves her stepdaughter as her own.(她把继女当作亲生女儿一样疼爱。)
  5. Half-brother(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)

    • They share a half-brother.(他们有一个同父异母的兄弟。)
  6. Half-sister(同父异母或同母异父的姐妹)

    • Her half-sister lives in another city.(她同父异母的妹妹住在另一个城市。)
  7. Godfather(教父)

    • His godfather gave him advice.(他教父给了他建议。)
  8. Godmother(教母)

    • Her godmother is her mentor.(她教母是她的导师。)
  9. Foster parents(养父母)

    • The child was raised by foster parents.(这个孩子由养父母抚养长大。)
  10. Adopted child(养子/养女)

    • They adopted a child last year.(他们去年收养了一个孩子。)

文化差异与特殊用法

英语中的家人称谓有时比中文更笼统。

  • Uncle 可以指父亲的兄弟,也可以指母亲的兄弟,甚至包括姑父、姨父等。
  • Cousin 涵盖堂兄弟姐妹和表兄弟姐妹,没有细分。
  • In-law 系列词汇用于描述姻亲关系,中文则用“岳父”“婆婆”等具体称谓。

现代英语中,partner 的使用越来越普遍,适用于婚姻或长期伴侣关系,避免性别限制。

掌握这些词汇不仅能提升英语表达能力,还能帮助理解英语国家的家庭文化,无论是日常对话还是正式写作,正确使用家人称谓能让交流更流畅自然。

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