雅思写作考试中,观点表达是核心评分标准之一,一篇高分作文不仅需要清晰的逻辑和准确的语言,更需要有深度、有说服力的观点,很多考生在备考时往往更注重词汇和语法,却忽略了观点的构建,导致作文内容空洞或缺乏论证力度,如何在雅思作文中写出高质量的观点?
理解题目要求,明确立场
通常分为两类:讨论型(Discuss both views)和观点型(To what extent do you agree or disagree),无论是哪种类型,第一步都是准确理解题目,避免偏题。
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讨论型题目:要求考生分析两种不同观点,并给出自己的看法。
Some people think that governments should invest more in public transport, while others believe that improving roads is more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 需要考生客观分析两种立场,并在结尾明确表达自己的倾向。 -
观点型题目:要求考生直接表明立场,并给出支持理由。
Some people believe that technology has made our lives more complicated. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 需要考生清晰表达同意或不同意,并通过具体例子或逻辑推理展开论证。
无论哪种题型,立场明确是关键,不要模棱两可,否则会影响评分。
构建有深度的观点
雅思作文的高分观点需要具备三个特点:清晰、具体、有逻辑。
(1)避免泛泛而谈
低分观点往往过于笼统,缺乏针对性。
- Technology is good for society.(过于宽泛)
- Education is important.(没有具体指向)
改进后的观点:
- Technology has significantly improved healthcare efficiency, such as telemedicine enabling remote diagnosis.(具体化)
- Investing in early childhood education can reduce social inequality in the long term.(明确影响)
(2)结合社会现实
考官希望看到考生对现实问题的理解,而不是纯粹的理论讨论,观点最好能结合社会现象、统计数据或实际案例。
- The rise of online education has made learning more accessible, especially in rural areas where traditional schools are scarce.
- Strict environmental policies, like carbon taxes in Scandinavian countries, have proven effective in reducing emissions.
(3)多角度思考
单一的观点容易显得片面,高分作文通常会从不同角度分析问题,讨论“是否应该禁止广告针对儿童”时,可以这样展开:
- 支持角度:儿童缺乏判断力,容易被误导;过度消费可能影响家庭经济。
- 反对角度:广告可以传递有益信息,如健康饮食;完全禁止可能影响商业自由。
通过多角度分析,观点会更加全面,论证也更具有说服力。
如何拓展观点
很多考生在写作时容易陷入“观点匮乏”的困境,写了两三个论点后就无话可说,以下几个方法可以帮助拓展思路:
(1)因果分析法
分析问题的原因和结果,让观点更有逻辑性。
- Air pollution is worsening in cities (现象) → Mainly caused by vehicle emissions and industrial activities (原因) → Leads to respiratory diseases and higher healthcare costs (结果).
(2)对比论证法
通过对比不同情况或时间段,突出观点的合理性。
- In the past, people relied on newspapers for information, but today social media provides instant updates, though it also spreads misinformation.
(3)举例论证法
用具体例子支持观点,避免空泛。
- Renewable energy, such as solar power in Germany, has reduced reliance on fossil fuels.
避免常见错误
(1)观点矛盾
有些考生为了“平衡论证”,在文章中同时支持两种对立观点,导致逻辑混乱。
- I agree that fast food is unhealthy, but it is also convenient for busy people.(这种表达会让考官觉得立场不清晰)
正确做法是:明确立场,再承认对立观点的部分合理性。
- While fast food offers convenience, its negative health impacts outweigh the benefits, especially for children.
(2)缺乏论证
仅仅陈述观点而不解释,会让文章显得单薄。
- Governments should protect the environment.(为什么?如何保护?)
改进版本:
- Governments should enforce stricter pollution controls, such as taxing carbon emissions, to reduce environmental damage.
(3)过度使用模板
模板化的开头和结尾(如“With the development of society…”)会让考官觉得缺乏原创性,尽量用个性化的表达,
- In an era of rapid technological advancement, the debate over privacy has intensified.
高分观点示例
为例:
Some people believe that university education should be free, while others argue that students should pay for their own tuition. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
支持免费高等教育的观点:
- 促进社会公平:低收入家庭的学生也能接受高等教育,减少贫富差距。
- 经济回报:受过教育的人群更能推动创新,提高国家竞争力。
- 国际案例:德国和北欧国家的免费大学教育政策已证明可行。
反对免费高等教育的观点:
- 财政压力:政府可能无法承担高昂的教育成本,导致税收增加。
- 教育质量:学费收入可以用于改善教学设施和师资。
- 个人责任:学生更可能珍惜付费教育,减少辍学率。
个人观点:
While free university education can enhance social mobility, a balanced approach—such as income-based repayment schemes—might be more sustainable in the long term.
雅思作文的观点写作并非难事,关键在于理解题目、明确立场、深入论证,多练习、多阅读高分范文,逐渐培养自己的思维模式,才能在考场上游刃有余。