在雅思考试的小作文部分,图表题经常涉及社会热点话题,男女学历差异”是一个高频考点,这类题目通常以柱状图、饼图或表格形式呈现不同性别在教育程度上的分布情况,掌握这类数据的分析方法和写作技巧,不仅能帮助考生高效完成小作文,还能在Task Achievement(任务完成度)和Coherence & Cohesion(连贯与衔接)两项评分标准上获得高分。
常见图表类型与数据特征
雅思小作文关于男女学历对比的题目,通常涵盖以下几种数据呈现方式:
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柱状图(Bar Chart)
最常见的题型,横轴通常标注不同学历层次(如高中以下、本科、硕士、博士等),纵轴显示百分比或具体人数,并用不同颜色区分性别。 -
饼图(Pie Chart)
可能展示某一特定年份或地区的男女学历分布比例,需注意比较两性在各学历层中的占比差异。 -
表格(Table)
提供更详细的数据,可能包含多个年份或地区的对比,需筛选关键信息进行描述。
某真题曾给出某国2010年和2020年两性高等教育入学率的对比表格,要求分析变化趋势。
核心写作结构与高分句型
开头段(Introduction) 说明图表类型、时间范围和核心主题,避免照抄题目,可适当调整句式:
The bar chart illustrates the proportion of males and females with different educational qualifications in [国家/地区] between [年份] and [年份].
概述段(Overview)
提炼最显著的趋势,无需具体数据,2-3句话即可:
- 男女在某一学历层次上的差距最大(如硕士或博士)。
- 随时间推移,女性在某些领域的学历提升速度更快。
高分句型:
Overall, women overtook men in obtaining tertiary education, while the gender gap remained prominent at the doctoral level.
细节段(Details)
分两段描述具体数据,建议按学历层次从低到高或按性别分组:
(1)按学历层次对比
先描述男性数据,再对比女性:
Approximately 40% of men held a bachelor’s degree, compared to 35% of women. However, this trend reversed at the master’s level, where female graduates accounted for 22%, slightly higher than males (20%).
(2)按性别分组描述
适用于数据复杂的题目:
In terms of male educational attainment, the majority (55%) completed secondary school, whereas only 15% reached postgraduate studies. By contrast, female participation in higher education showed a steadier increase across all levels.
趋势分析(如涉及多年份数据)
使用对比词汇突出变化:
Over the decade, the proportion of female PhD holders surged from 5% to 12%, while male figures experienced a marginal rise of 2%.
易错点与提分技巧
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数据筛选
避免罗列所有数字,优先描述:- 最大值/最小值
- 相同或差异显著的数据
- 转折点(如女性比例首次超过男性)
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词汇多样性
- 替换“higher/lower”:exceed, surpass, dominate, lag behind
- 替换“percentage”:proportion, rate, share
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避免主观推测
雅思小作文只需客观描述,不需解释原因,错误示例:
Women studied harder, so they got more degrees. (不符合学术写作规范)
真题范文示例
** The chart below shows the percentage of men and women with university degrees in Canada from 1990 to 2010.
范文节选:
The bar chart compares the proportion of Canadian males and females who attained tertiary education over two decades.
Overall, both genders saw an upward trend in academic qualifications, but women surpassed men in the final decade.
In 1990, 20% of men held degrees, double the figure for women (10%). By 2000, the gap had narrowed significantly, with male graduates at 30% and females at 25%. The most dramatic change occurred in 2010, when female university graduates reached 40%, overtaking males (35%).
值得注意的是,这类题目在亚太考区2023年出现了3次,北美考区也有类似变体,考生可多关注世界银行或联合国教科文组织的公开数据,熟悉常见的学历分类方式,如ISCED标准(International Standard Classification of Education)。
在备考过程中,建议整理10组同义替换词,并模拟3种以上图表类型,实际考试时,若遇到动态数据(多年份对比),优先使用现在完成时(has increased)和过去完成时(had surpassed)体现时间逻辑。
雅思写作评分并非追求复杂句式,而是清晰准确的数据呈现,通过针对性练习,完全可以在20分钟内完成一篇7分以上的小作文。