雅思写作考试中,组合类（Argument + Discussion）题型是常见且具有一定难度的题目类型，这类题目通常要求考生既表达个人观点，又讨论不同立场，因此对逻辑思维和语言组织能力要求较高，掌握组合类写作的核心技巧，能够帮助考生在考试中高效应对，提升分数。
组合类题型的特点与识别
通常包含两个部分：一是要求考生就某一话题提出自己的观点（Argument），二是要求讨论对立或不同的观点（Discussion），常见的提问方式包括：
- To what extent do you agree or disagree?（你在多大程度上同意或不同意？）
- Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。）
- Some people believe…, while others argue… What is your opinion?（一些人认为……，另一些人则认为……你的观点是什么？）
要求考生不仅要清晰表达立场，还要客观分析不同观点，最终给出合理的结论。
高分写作结构解析
组合类作文的结构至关重要,合理的框架能让文章逻辑清晰，便于考官理解，推荐采用以下四段式或五段式结构：
引言（Introduction）
- 背景引入：简要介绍话题背景，避免直接复述题目。
- 明确立场：清晰表达个人观点，或说明将讨论不同立场。
示例：
"The debate over whether university education should be free has persisted for decades. While some argue that free tuition promotes equality, others contend it may lead to financial strain on governments. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that a balanced approach is most viable."
主体段1（支持某一方的论证）
- 主题句：明确本段讨论的观点。
- 论据支持：使用数据、例子或逻辑推理增强说服力。
- 衔接过渡：自然过渡到下一段。
示例：
"Proponents of free higher education argue that it enhances social mobility. For instance, countries like Germany and Norway offer tuition-free universities, enabling students from low-income families to access quality education. This policy reduces economic barriers and fosters a more skilled workforce."
主体段2（讨论对立观点）
- 承认对立观点的合理性：避免绝对化表述。
- 反驳或权衡：可适当反驳，或说明其局限性。
示例：
"However, critics highlight the financial burden imposed on taxpayers. In nations with large student populations, free education may require significant government subsidies, potentially diverting funds from other essential services like healthcare. While this concern is valid, means-tested scholarships could mitigate the issue."
Conclusion）
- 重申立场：简要总结讨论，强调个人观点。
- 提出建议或展望：可给出解决方案或未来趋势。
示例：
"In conclusion, while free university education promotes equity, its implementation must consider fiscal sustainability. A hybrid model, combining public funding with targeted scholarships, may offer a pragmatic solution."
关键写作技巧
平衡论证与讨论
组合类作文的核心在于平衡,即便个人立场明确，也要客观分析对立观点，避免极端表述，如“完全错误”或“绝对正确”，而应使用“部分合理”“可能存在局限”等中性语言。
使用衔接词增强逻辑性
恰当的衔接词能让文章流畅自然。
- 对比：However, On the contrary, Whereas
- 补充：Moreover, Furthermore, In addition
- 因果：Consequently, As a result, Therefore
避免常见错误
- 立场模糊：引言或结论未明确表达观点。
- 论据单薄：仅依赖个人经验，缺乏客观数据或权威来源。
- 结构混乱：段落之间缺乏逻辑关联，或重复论述。
实战案例分析
以真题为例：
"Some people believe that children should learn to compete, while others think cooperation is more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion."
高分范文节选：
*"Competition is often seen as a driver of excellence. In academic settings, rankings and awards motivate students to strive for higher achievements. For example, many elite universities use competitive admissions to select the most capable candidates. However, overemphasis on competition may foster excessive stress and undermine teamwork skills.
Conversely, cooperation cultivates empathy and collective problem-solving abilities. Studies show that collaborative learning environments, such as group projects, enhance students’ communication skills and emotional intelligence. Yet, without any competitive elements, individuals may lack the motivation to push their limits.
In my view, a balanced approach is optimal. Schools should integrate both competitive activities like debates and cooperative tasks like team-based assignments, preparing children for diverse real-world challenges."*
个人观点
雅思组合类作文的高分关键在于清晰的结构、客观的讨论和有力的论证，考生应多练习真题，积累常见话题的论据，并培养快速构建框架的能力，通过精准的语言和合理的逻辑，即使是复杂题目也能从容应对。
