雅思写作任务一要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的图表描述作文,图表类型包括线图、柱状图、饼图、表格和流程图等,许多考生能准确描述数据,却因衔接不当导致文章逻辑混乱,影响分数,本文将深入解析如何运用衔接手段,使图表作文流畅自然,符合雅思评分标准。
衔接在雅思图表作文中的重要性
衔接(Cohesion)指句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑连接方式,在图表作文中,良好的衔接能帮助考官清晰理解数据趋势、比较关系和整体结构,雅思写作评分标准的“连贯与衔接”(Coherence and Cohesion)占25%,直接影响最终得分。
常见的衔接问题包括:
- 数据堆砌,缺乏过渡词;
- 段落之间跳跃性大,逻辑断裂;
- 重复使用相同连接词,语言单调。
图表作文的衔接策略
合理使用连接词和过渡短语
连接词是衔接的核心工具,需根据上下文选择合适表达:
-
递进关系:Furthermore, Moreover, In addition
例句:Online sales increased by 15% in 2020. Moreover, this trend continued into the following year. -
对比关系:By contrast, However, On the other hand
例句:The UK consumed 30% of renewable energy, whereas Germany accounted for only 18%. -
因果关系:As a result, Consequently, Therefore
例句:Coal production declined sharply. Consequently, air pollution levels dropped. -
时间顺序:Subsequently, Meanwhile, Over the next decade
例句:The price peaked in 2015. Subsequently, it fluctuated between $50 and $60.
灵活运用代词和指代
避免重复名词,使用代词(it, they, this)或指代短语(the former, the latter)保持流畅:
例句:Japan’s tourism revenue reached $20 billion in 2020. This represented a 10% rise compared to 2019.
段落间的自然过渡
每个段落应有明确主题,并通过首尾句衔接:
- 首段:概述图表核心信息(如最高值、总体趋势)。
- 中间段:按逻辑分组数据(如时间顺序、类别对比)。
- 结尾段:总结显著特征,避免引入新数据。
示例过渡句:
While the first half of the period saw steady growth, the latter phase witnessed a dramatic decline.
不同图表类型的衔接技巧
动态图表(线图、柱状图)
以时间变化为主线,使用趋势动词(rise, plummet, stabilize)搭配副词(gradually, sharply):
例句:After a slight dip in 2008, the figures rebounded rapidly, peaking at 80% in 2012.
静态图表(饼图、表格)
突出比例和对比,常用占比表达(account for, constitute, occupy):
例句:Women constituted 65% of the workforce, nearly double the proportion of men.
流程图与地图
使用顺序词(First, Next, Finally)和方位词(to the north, adjacent to):
例句:The raw materials are transported to the factory. Next, they undergo a cleaning process.
高分范文段落分析
以下为线图描述的衔接示例:
The graph illustrates changes in global smartphone sales from 2010 to 2020. Initially, sales grew steadily, rising from 100 million units to 300 million by 2015. However, this upward trend halted in 2016, when figures plateaued for two years. Subsequently, a sharp surge occurred, reaching 550 million in 2020. This final spike may be linked to the widespread adoption of 5G technology.
衔接亮点:
- 时间词(Initially, Subsequently)清晰划分阶段;
- 转折词(However)突出趋势变化;
- 指代词(This final spike)避免重复。
常见错误与改进建议
-
过度使用“and”:改用更精准的连接词。
原句:The temperature rose and the rainfall decreased.
优化:While the temperature rose, the rainfall decreased. -
机械罗列数据:用比较句式增强逻辑。
原句:In 2000, the figure was 10%. In 2010, it was 20%.
优化:Over the decade, the figure doubled from 10% to 20%. -
忽略段落衔接:添加承上启下句。
原句:The first chart shows… The second chart shows…
优化:Having analyzed the age distribution, the second chart further breaks down the data by gender.
提升衔接能力的练习方法
- 改写练习:用不同连接词重组同一段落,比较效果。
- 范文拆解:标记高分范文的衔接词,总结规律。
- 限时训练:20分钟内完成作文,重点检查过渡是否自然。
雅思图表作文的衔接并非单纯堆砌连接词,而是通过逻辑排列数据,使文章如行云流水,掌握这一技巧,考生能在有限时间内呈现清晰、专业的分析,向7分及以上冲刺。