雅思写作Task 1中的步骤图(Process Diagram)是许多考生觉得棘手的一种题型,它要求考生用清晰、准确的语言描述一个流程或生产过程,想要在这类题目中拿高分,需要掌握正确的写作方法,本文将详细解析如何高效应对步骤图,从审题到写作,一步步提升得分。
步骤图的核心特点
步骤图通常展示一个自然或工业过程的各个阶段,
- 自然过程:水循环、植物生长
- 工业流程:巧克力制作、水泥生产
这类图表的关键在于顺序性和逻辑性,考生需要用恰当的连接词和动词准确表达流程的先后关系。
写作步骤解析
审题与结构规划(2-3分钟)
在动笔前,先花2-3分钟分析图表:
- 确认流程类型:是自然循环(如雨水蒸发)还是人工制造(如咖啡生产)?
- 划分主要阶段:通常步骤图可分成3-5个关键部分,找出起点和终点。
- 注意细节:是否有分支、重复步骤或特殊设备名称?
推荐结构:
- 引言(Introduction):改写题目,说明流程内容。 Overview)**:概括流程的主要阶段和特点。
- 主体段落(Body Paragraphs):分步描述,确保逻辑连贯。
引言写作技巧 用同义替换和句式变化改写:
- 原题:The diagram shows how coffee is produced.
- 改写:The process illustrates the stages involved in the production of coffee.
概述(Overview)的关键点 是评分重点,需在2-3句话内总结流程的核心特征:
- 流程性质:线性(一步接一步)还是循环(如水循环)?
- 阶段数量:大致分为几个主要步骤?
- 关键变化:是否有原材料转化为成品的关键步骤?
示例:
Overall, the coffee-making process consists of four main stages, beginning with the harvesting of beans and ending with the packaging of the final product.
主体段落写作策略
主体部分需分步描述,建议:
- 按顺序写:从第一步到最后一步,避免跳步。
- 使用连接词:
- 顺序词:First, Next, Subsequently, Finally
- 补充说明:Meanwhile, After this stage
- 动词选择:
- 主动语态:The beans are dried → Workers dry the beans(更简洁)
- 被动语态:The mixture is heated(适合工业流程)
示例段落:
First, ripe coffee cherries are picked by hand. These cherries are then pulped to remove the outer skin, leaving only the beans. Subsequently, the beans undergo fermentation for up to 48 hours to eliminate the mucilage layer.
词汇与语法优化
- 同义词替换:避免重复,如produce → manufacture, create
- 数据补充:如果图表标注时间或数量,可适当提及(for 48 hours, approximately 10 tons)。
- 避免绝对化:用typically, usually代替always。
常见错误与规避方法
- 遗漏关键步骤:确保每个阶段都覆盖,尤其是转折点(如冷却、过滤)。
- 过度描述细节:非核心信息(如机器型号)可略过。
- 时态混乱:流程描述通常用一般现在时(The water evaporates)。
- 连接词单一:交替使用Then, After that, Following this。
高分范文示例
The diagram below shows how olive oil is produced.
范文:
The process illustrates the various stages in the production of olive oil, from harvesting to final packaging.
Overall, there are five key steps, starting with the collection of olives and culminating in the distribution of the finished product.
Initially, ripe olives are gathered either by hand or with mechanical shakers. These fruits are then transported to a rinsing machine, where they are thoroughly cleaned to remove dirt and leaves. Following this, the olives are crushed into a paste using a grinding apparatus.
Subsequently, the paste undergoes malaxation, a mixing process that helps separate the oil from the solid residue. The mixture is then pressed or centrifuged to extract the pure oil, which is stored in stainless steel tanks. Finally, the oil is bottled and shipped to supermarkets for sale.
个人观点
步骤图看似复杂,但只要掌握分步描述和逻辑连接,就能轻松应对,平时练习时,建议多分析真题范文,积累流程类词汇和句型,考试时保持冷静,按部就班地写作,确保每个阶段清晰呈现,高分自然水到渠成。