雅思写作考试中,联合国(United Nations, UN)相关话题频繁出现,涵盖国际关系、全球发展、环境保护等多个领域,掌握这一主题的写作技巧,不仅能帮助考生在Task 2中取得高分,还能提升对全球议题的认知,本文将深入分析联合国话题的常见题型,提供实用写作框架,并结合高分范文进行解析。
联合国话题的核心考点
雅思写作涉及联合国的题目通常围绕以下几个方向展开:
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全球合作与和平维护 示例:Some people believe the UN is essential for maintaining world peace, while others argue it is ineffective. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
核心论点:联合国在调解冲突(如维和行动)、促进国际法(如《联合国宪章》)方面的作用,以及面临的挑战(如大国否决权)。
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可持续发展目标(SDGs) 示例:The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals are unrealistic. To what extent do you agree?
核心论点:可结合具体目标(如消除贫困、清洁能源)分析可行性,强调跨国协作与技术转移的重要性。
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人道主义援助与危机响应 示例:International organizations like the UN should provide financial aid to poorer countries. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
核心论点:援助对基础设施建设的积极影响,同时需讨论腐败风险与依赖性等问题。
高分写作结构示范
为例:
"The United Nations is no longer relevant in the 21st century. To what extent do you agree?"
引言(Introduction)
- 背景句:概述联合国成立的初衷(1945年促进国际合作)。
- 明确立场:部分同意/不同意,提出核心论点。
While critics argue that the UN has failed to prevent modern conflicts, its role in coordinating climate action and humanitarian aid remains irreplaceable.
主体段1:联合国的局限性
- 论点:安理会效率受制于大国政治。
- 例证:叙利亚内战中的否决权僵局。
- 分析:缺乏强制执行力导致决议效果有限。
主体段2:不可替代的全球职能
- 论点:唯一涵盖193个成员国的国际平台。
- 例证:巴黎气候协定(2015)的谈判框架。
- 对比:若无UN,跨国协作成本将大幅增加。
主体段3:改革而非废除
- 论点:需调整架构以适应新挑战。
- 建议:扩大安理会常任理事国席位,增加透明度。
- 引申:数字化治理(如UN Global Pulse项目)的潜力。
Conclusion)
- 重申立场:联合国仍需存在,但亟需改革。
- 升华:全球性问题需要多边主义解决方案。
范文精析(Band 8+水准)
*"The UN has failed to achieve its original purposes. Do you agree?"*
范文节选:
Critics who claim the UN’s inefficacy often cite its inability to prevent regional wars, such as the Russo-Ukrainian conflict. Indeed, the Security Council’s veto mechanism allows geopolitical interests to override collective security. However, this perspective overlooks the organization’s soft-power achievements. For instance, WHO’s smallpox eradication program (1980) saved an estimated 60 million lives, demonstrating how specialized UN agencies tackle problems beyond national borders.
Moreover, the UN provides a legal framework for international accountability. The establishment of the International Criminal Court (2002) enabled prosecutions for genocide and war crimes, a concept unimaginable before 1945. Although enforcement remains inconsistent, this system deters large-scale atrocities more effectively than unilateral actions.
语言亮点:
- 批判性短语: "this perspective overlooks…" 体现辩证思维
- 数据论证: "60 million lives" 增强说服力
- 对比手法: "more effectively than unilateral actions"
常见误区与提分技巧
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避免笼统表述
- 低分句:The UN does many good things.
- 高分改写:UNDP’s Human Development Index has reshaped how nations measure progress beyond GDP.
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精准使用术语
- 混淆:UNESCO(错误拼写) → 正确:UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)
- 推荐记忆:FAO(粮农组织)、UNICEF(儿童基金会)等缩写
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时态一致性
- 历史事件用过去时:The UN was founded in 1945.
- 持续影响用现在完成时:It has mediated over 170 conflicts since then.
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平衡论证深度
- 模板化问题:重复题目关键词(如反复使用"global cooperation")
- 解决方案:用同义替换(multilateral diplomacy, transnational collaboration)
备考资源推荐
- 官方文件: 联合国官网(un.org)的年度报告,积累专业表达如 "peacekeeping operations" 和 "gender mainstreaming"
- 高分素材: TED演讲《How the UN can hold the tech industry accountable》学习论证逻辑
- 模拟练习: 每周精写一篇,重点修改衔接词(Nevertheless, Consequently)和例证相关性
雅思写作的本质是展示逻辑严谨、语言精准的学术表达能力,联合国话题恰好考验考生能否在全球化语境中构建有深度的论述,与其死记硬背模板,不如通过持续分析真实案例(如UNHCR对难民的援助)培养批判性思维,当一篇文章能同时体现专业知识(Expertise)、客观立场(Authoritativeness)与可信例证(Trustworthiness),便是符合E-A-T原则的高分答案。