雅思写作Task 2中，"Discuss both views and give your own opinion"（讨论双方观点并给出个人观点）是常见题型之一，这类题目要求考生全面分析两种对立观点，并在此基础上清晰表达个人立场，许多考生在应对此类题目时容易陷入结构混乱或论证单薄的困境，本文将深入解析这类题型的核心要求，提供高效的结构框架，并通过实例展示如何实现逻辑严谨、语言精准的高分作文。

题型特征与评分标准解读

剑桥雅思官方评分标准中,这类题目重点考察三个方面：

1. 任务回应（Task Achievement）：必须均衡讨论题目中给出的两种观点，不能偏废任何一方，同时需明确表达个人立场。
2. 逻辑与衔接（Coherence and Cohesion）：要求观点分层递进，使用恰当的连接词体现论证脉络。
3. 词汇语法（Lexical Resource & Grammatical Range）：需要展示多样化的句式和精准的学术词汇。
   如：
   "Some people believe that children should be allowed to choose their own subjects at school. Others argue that schools should provide a fixed curriculum. Discuss both views and give your opinion."
   的核心陷阱在于：考生往往花费80%篇幅讨论较容易展开的观点，导致论证失衡，例如倾向于详细论述"自由选课培养兴趣"，却用套话简单处理"固定课程保证基础"这一方。

黄金四段式结构解析

段落1：引言（Introduction）

• 背景句：用社会发展趋势或普遍现象引入话题
• 观点转述：改写题目中的两种对立观点
• 立场声明：明确个人倾向（也可置于结尾段）

示例：
"In the era of personalized education, the debate over curricular flexibility has intensified. While proponents of elective systems emphasize individual aptitudes, advocates of standardized curricula highlight foundational knowledge. This essay will scrutinize both perspectives before concluding that a hybrid approach offers optimal outcomes."

段落2：观点A论证（Body Paragraph 1）

• 主题句：直接阐明第一种观点的核心逻辑
• 理论支撑：引用教育学理论（如建构主义学习理论）
• 实例佐证：使用PISA报告数据或芬兰教育案例
• 效果分析：说明该观点的实际益处

段落3：观点B论证（Body Paragraph 2）

• 转折词引入：使用"Conversely"、"On the opposing side"等过渡
• 递进论证：从社会协作、质量监控等角度深化
• 对比论证：与观点A形成对照（如：自由选课可能导致STEM人才短缺）
• 限定条件：说明该观点的适用情境

段落4：个人立场（Conclusion）

• 立场重申：避免简单重复，改用更具体的表述
• 解决方案：提出折中方案（如核心课程+选修模块）
• 前瞻陈述：展望未来发展趋势

论证技巧升级策略

1. 数据化表达：
   将笼统表述转化为量化说明。

   • 原始句："Many students lose interest in fixed subjects."
   • 升级句："A 2022 Cambridge Assessment study revealed that 62% of secondary students exhibited declining engagement when mandated to study non-preferred subjects for over 18 months."

2. 学术化词汇替换：
   | 基础词汇 | 升级选项 |
   |---|---|
   | Important | Paramount/crucial |
   | Good | Advantageous/beneficial |
   | Bad | Detrimental/counterproductive |

   

3. 逻辑连接进阶：

   • 因果关系："This phenomenon stems from..." → "The causal relationship manifests in..."
   • 对比关系："However" → "Notwithstanding these merits,..."

常见误区与避坑指南

1. 立场模糊：避免出现"Both views have merits"这类中庸表述，需明确倾向性，可改为："While structured curricula ensure baseline competencies, the weight of evidence favors customized learning pathways in contemporary contexts."

2. 例证单薄：不要使用"For example, in some countries..."这类模糊举例，应具体化："The OECD's 2021 report documented that Finnish schools implementing subject autonomy saw a 14% rise in university readiness scores."

3. 时态混乱：讨论普遍现象用一般现在时，引用研究用现在完成时，预测未来用will/might，保持时态一致性是关键。

   

真题实战演示

"Some argue that economic growth should be governments' top priority, while others believe environmental protection is more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion."

高分段落示范：

环保优先论证段：
"The primacy of environmental conservation rests on its existential necessity. Climate models from the IPCC indicate that exceeding 1.5°C warming will trigger irreversible ecosystem collapses, potentially displacing 200 million people by 2050. Norway's carbon taxation policy exemplifies this approach, having reduced emissions by 34% while maintaining GDP growth through green technology exports. Such evidence underscores that ecological sustainability is not antithetical to prosperity, but rather its precondition."

经济增长论证段：
"Pro-growth advocates correctly identify poverty alleviation as fundamental. The World Bank estimates that 1% GDP growth lifts 0.8% of populations out of extreme poverty annually, as demonstrated by China's lifting of 800 million people since 1980. However, this perspective requires qualification: unbridled industrialization in Bangladesh has resulted in 23% GDP growth being offset by 17% productivity losses from pollution-related illnesses, according to Dhaka University's 2023 epidemiological study."

个人立场段：
"The dichotomy between economy and environment is ultimately false. South Korea's Green New Deal illustrates synergistic potential, channeling 2% of GDP into renewable infrastructure to create 659,000 jobs while cutting emissions. This paradigm shift toward circular economics suggests that the most viable path forward lies in redefining growth metrics to incorporate ecological capital."

掌握这类题型的核心在于构建辩证思维框架,通过具体证据增强说服力，而非简单堆砌模板句，考官最看重的是考生呈现思想深度的能力，这需要平时积累跨学科知识并培养批判性思维习惯，写作时保持15分钟构思提纲，确保每个论证单元都有清晰的主题句、发展句和结论句，如此才能在TR和CC两项获得突破。