Task 1(小作文)和Task 2(大作文),小作文要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的报告,主要考察数据描述、图表分析或流程图解释能力,许多考生认为小作文相对简单,但若缺乏清晰的逻辑结构和准确的表达,同样难以获得高分,掌握一套高效的小作文模板至关重要。
小作文的核心结构
雅思小作文通常涉及以下几种图表类型:
- 线图(Line Graph)
- 柱状图(Bar Chart)
- 饼图(Pie Chart)
- 表格(Table)
- 流程图(Process Diagram)
- 地图(Map)
无论哪种类型,小作文的基本结构均可归纳为四部分:引言、概述、主体段1、主体段2。
引言(Introduction)
引言部分需改写题目,避免直接照抄。 The graph below shows the changes in the number of international students in Australia from 2000 to 2020.
改写:** The line graph illustrates the fluctuations in the population of overseas students studying in Australia over a 20-year period, starting from 2000.
概述(Overview) 是小作文的灵魂,考官会重点关注这一部分,它需要概括图表的主要趋势或最显著的特征,无需具体数据。 示例:** Overall, the number of international students in Australia experienced a steady increase, with a particularly sharp rise after 2010.
主体段1 & 主体段2(Body Paragraphs)
主体段需详细描述数据或流程,通常分为两段,每段聚焦不同趋势或类别。
- 主体段1: 描述2000-2010年的变化,强调缓慢增长。
- 主体段2: 分析2010-2020年的数据,突出快速增长的原因(如政策放宽)。
不同图表类型的写作技巧
线图(Line Graph)
线图通常展示趋势变化,常用词汇包括:
- 上升: increase, rise, climb, grow
- 下降: decrease, decline, drop, fall
- 波动: fluctuate, vary, oscillate
例句: The number of students rose steadily from 50,000 in 2000 to 80,000 in 2010, followed by a dramatic surge to 200,000 by 2020.
柱状图(Bar Chart)
柱状图适合比较不同类别的数据,常用对比句式:
- A比B高: A was significantly higher than B.
- A与B相似: A and B showed similar patterns.
例句: In 2000, the UK had the highest number of international students (60,000), while Germany ranked second with 40,000.
饼图(Pie Chart)
饼图强调比例分配,常用表达:
- 占比最大: The majority of...
- 占比最小: A small fraction of...
例句: Chinese students accounted for the largest proportion (35%), whereas those from India made up only 15%.
流程图(Process Diagram)
流程图需按步骤描述,使用被动语态更正式:
- 第一步: The raw materials are collected.
- 第二步: They are transported to the factory for processing.
例句: Initially, cocoa beans are harvested, after which they are fermented and dried under the sun.
地图(Map)
地图题通常比较不同时间的变化,常用方位词:
- 北部: in the northern part
- 邻近: adjacent to
例句: The park, which was located in the southwest in 1990, was replaced by a shopping mall by 2020.
高分模板示例
以下是一个适用于线图的高分模板:
Introduction:
The line graph provides information about [主题], covering the period from [起始年] to [结束年].
Overview:
Overall, [最显著趋势1], while [最显著趋势2].
Body Paragraph 1:
In [起始年], [数据1]. Over the next [时间], [变化描述]. By [年份], [数据2].
Body Paragraph 2:
Similarly/In contrast, [另一组数据]. The figure reached a peak of [最高值] in [年份], before [后续变化].
常见错误与改进建议
-
数据描述不准确
- 错误:The number increased a lot.
- 改进:The number surged from 10,000 to 50,000.
-
过度使用简单词汇
- 错误:The graph goes up.
- 改进:The graph exhibits an upward trend.
-
遗漏概述段 是小作文的关键,缺少会导致分数降低。
-
时态错误
过去数据用过去时,预测未来用将来时。
个人观点
雅思小作文并非单纯测试词汇量,而是考察逻辑思维与信息整合能力,模板的作用是提供框架,但灵活运用才能拿高分,建议考生多练习不同图表类型,培养快速抓取关键信息的能力,避免机械套用模板,适当加入复杂句式和精准数据描述,才能让文章脱颖而出。