剑桥雅思12小作文题型概览
《剑桥雅思12》收录了多种小作文题型,包括:
- 动态数据图(如折线图、柱状图展示趋势变化)
- 静态数据图(如表格、饼图对比比例)
- 流程图(如生产过程、生命周期)
- 地图题(如区域变迁、设施布局对比)
以下选取动态数据图(Test 5)和流程图(Test 6)两篇范文进行拆解。
动态数据图范文解析(Test 5) 要求**:描述1995-2002年某国三种能源(石油、煤炭、天然气)的消费量变化。
高分范文结构
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引言段:改写题目,明确时间、对象及数据类型。
原文改写:The line graph illustrates changes in the consumption of three energy sources (petroleum, coal, and natural gas) in a particular country between 1995 and 2002.
段*:总结核心趋势,避免细节。
高分表达*:
Overall, petroleum was the most consumed fuel throughout the period, despite a slight decline, while coal and natural gas showed opposite trends. -
细节段:分时段或分对象描述数据,突出极值、交叉点与变化幅度。
例句:Coal use started at 25 units in 1995, peaked at 40 units in 1999, then dropped sharply to 20 units by 2002. In contrast, natural gas rose steadily from 15 to 35 units over the same period.
语言得分点
- 趋势词汇:plateaued (稳定), fluctuated (波动), overtook (超越)
- 数据衔接:
- 对比:By comparison, However
- 因果:As a result, This led to
流程图范文解析(Test 6) 要求**:描述玻璃瓶的回收过程。
高分范文结构
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引言段:点明流程的起点与终点。
范例:The diagram shows how glass bottles are recycled through a series of steps, from collection to final reuse.
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主体段:按阶段分步描述,使用被动语态与顺序连接词。
流程逻辑:First, used bottles are gathered at a collection point and transported to a cleaning plant. Next, they are sterilized with high-pressure water before being sorted by color.
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结尾段(可选):强调循环特征。
点睛句:The process concludes with the delivery of new bottles to supermarkets, completing the recycling loop.
语言得分点
- 被动语态:are crushed, are melted, are molded
- 流程衔接:Subsequently, Following this, At the final stage
小作文高分通用技巧
- 数据筛选:优先描述总趋势、极值、显著变化,避免罗列所有数据。
- 词汇多样性:
- 上升:increase → surge, climb
- 下降:decrease → plummet, dip
- 语法组合:
- 并列句:While A rose, B fell.
- 分词结构:Starting at X, the figure doubled by 2020.
常见失分点与规避方法
- 机械重复:避免反复使用“the graph shows”,可替换为“the data reflects”“it is evident that”。
- 主观臆断:不添加原因分析(如“因为经济危机导致下降”),仅描述客观数据。
- 时态错误:过去数据用一般过去时,预测未来用将来时或情态动词(may/might)。