数字在英语中扮演着重要角色,无论是日常生活、商务交流还是学术研究,掌握数字的英文表达都必不可少,本文将详细介绍数字的英文单词,包括基数词、序数词以及常见用法,帮助读者全面理解并正确使用。
基数词(Cardinal Numbers)
基数词用于表示数量或计数,是最基础的数字表达形式,以下是1到20的基数词及其拼写:
- 1 – one
- 2 – two
- 3 – three
- 4 – four
- 5 – five
- 6 – six
- 7 – seven
- 8 – eight
- 9 – nine
- 10 – ten
- 11 – eleven
- 12 – twelve
- 13 – thirteen
- 14 – fourteen
- 15 – fifteen
- 16 – sixteen
- 17 – seventeen
- 18 – eighteen
- 19 – nineteen
- 20 – twenty
20以上的数字遵循一定规律,
- 21 – twenty-one
- 30 – thirty
- 40 – forty
- 50 – fifty
- 60 – sixty
- 70 – seventy
- 80 – eighty
- 90 – ninety
- 100 – one hundred
对于更大的数字,英语采用“千”(thousand)、“百万”(million)、“十亿”(billion)等单位:
- 1,000 – one thousand
- 10,000 – ten thousand
- 100,000 – one hundred thousand
- 1,000,000 – one million
- 1,000,000,000 – one billion
序数词(Ordinal Numbers)
序数词用于表示顺序或排名,通常在基数词后加“-th”构成,但也有例外,以下是1到20的序数词:
- 1st – first
- 2nd – second
- 3rd – third
- 4th – fourth
- 5th – fifth
- 6th – sixth
- 7th – seventh
- 8th – eighth
- 9th – ninth
- 10th – tenth
- 11th – eleventh
- 12th – twelfth
- 13th – thirteenth
- 14th – fourteenth
- 15th – fifteenth
- 16th – sixteenth
- 17th – seventeenth
- 18th – eighteenth
- 19th – nineteenth
- 20th – twentieth
20以上的序数词同样遵循规律,
- 21st – twenty-first
- 30th – thirtieth
- 40th – fortieth
- 50th – fiftieth
- 60th – sixtieth
- 70th – seventieth
- 80th – eightieth
- 90th – ninetieth
- 100th – one hundredth
分数和小数的英文表达
分数(Fractions)
分数由分子(基数词)和分母(序数词)构成,分子大于1时,分母用复数形式:
- 1/2 – one half
- 1/3 – one third
- 1/4 – one quarter(或 one fourth)
- 2/3 – two thirds
- 3/4 – three quarters(或 three fourths)
- 1/10 – one tenth
小数(Decimals)
小数用“point”分隔整数和小数部分,每位数字单独读出:
- 5 – zero point five
- 25 – one point two five
- 1416 – three point one four one six
数字的常见用法
电话号码
英语中电话号码通常逐位读出,数字“0”可读作“zero”或“oh”:
- 123-456-7890 – one two three, four five six, seven eight nine zero(或 seven eight nine oh)
年份
年份通常分为两部分读出,但整千或整百的年份例外:
- 1999 – nineteen ninety-nine
- 2000 – two thousand
- 2005 – two thousand and five
- 2023 – twenty twenty-three
时间
时间表达分为12小时制和24小时制,常见读法如下:
- 3:00 – three o’clock
- 3:15 – three fifteen(或 a quarter past three)
- 3:30 – three thirty(或 half past three)
- 3:45 – three forty-five(或 a quarter to four)
数字的特殊表达
罗马数字
罗马数字在特定场合仍在使用,例如钟表、书籍章节编号等:
- I – 1
- V – 5
- X – 10
- L – 50
- C – 100
- D – 500
- M – 1000
货币表达
货币金额通常用“dollar”或“pound”等单位,小数点后数字单独读出:
- $5.99 – five dollars and ninety-nine cents
- £10.50 – ten pounds and fifty pence
数学符号
常见数学符号的英文表达:
-
– plus
-
– minus
- × – times(或 multiplied by)
- ÷ – divided by
- = – equals
数字在英语中的文化差异
不同英语国家在数字表达上可能存在差异。
- 英式英语中“billion”指“万亿”(1,000,000,000,000),而美式英语中“billion”指“十亿”(1,000,000,000)。
- 英式英语常用“and”连接百位和十位,如“one hundred and one”,而美式英语可能省略“and”。
掌握这些差异有助于避免误解,提高交流准确性。
数字的英文单词看似简单,但实际应用涉及多种场景和规则,无论是学习、工作还是日常生活,准确使用数字表达都能提升沟通效率,希望本文能帮助读者全面理解数字的英文表达,并在实践中灵活运用。