Haze and air pollution have become global concerns, affecting health, visibility, and daily life. Whether discussing environmental policies, health risks, or weather forecasts, knowing the right English terms helps in understanding and communicating about this issue. Below is a detailed guide to essential vocabulary related to haze and air pollution.

Basic Terms for Haze and Air Pollution

• Haze (n.) – A phenomenon where dust, smoke, and dry particles obscure the sky, reducing visibility.

  • Example: The city was covered in thick haze, making it hard to see beyond a few meters.

• Smog (n.) – A mix of smoke and fog, often caused by vehicle emissions and industrial pollution.

  • Example: Los Angeles is known for its smog problems due to heavy traffic.

• Particulate Matter (PM) (n.) – Tiny particles in the air, classified by size (PM2.5, PM10).

  • Example: High levels of PM2.5 can cause respiratory diseases.

• Air Quality Index (AQI) (n.) – A measurement indicating how polluted the air is.

  • Example: An AQI above 150 is considered unhealthy.

Types of Pollution and Their Sources

• Industrial Emissions (n.) – Pollutants released by factories and power plants.

  • Example: Strict regulations are needed to control industrial emissions.

• Vehicle Exhaust (n.) – Gases and particles emitted by cars and trucks.

  

  • Example: Electric vehicles help reduce vehicle exhaust pollution.

• Burning Fossil Fuels (n.) – Combustion of coal, oil, and gas, releasing CO₂ and other pollutants.

  • Example: Many countries are shifting from burning fossil fuels to renewable energy.

• Dust Storms (n.) – Strong winds carrying dust particles, worsening air quality.

  • Example: Dust storms in desert regions contribute to haze.

Health and Environmental Effects

• Respiratory Diseases (n.) – Illnesses affecting the lungs, such as asthma and bronchitis.

  • Example: Long-term exposure to polluted air increases the risk of respiratory diseases.

• Cardiovascular Problems (n.) – Heart-related issues linked to air pollution.

  • Example: Studies show that air pollution can lead to cardiovascular problems.

• Visibility Reduction (n.) – Haze and smog decrease how far we can see.

  • Example: Severe haze caused visibility reduction, delaying flights.

• Acid Rain (n.) – Rain containing harmful chemicals from air pollution.

  

  • Example: Acid rain damages forests and water bodies.

Government and Public Responses

• Emission Standards (n.) – Legal limits on how much pollution industries can release.

  • Example: The government tightened emission standards to improve air quality.

• Mask Mandates (n.) – Rules requiring people to wear masks in polluted areas.

  • Example: During severe haze, some cities issue mask mandates.

• Green Energy (n.) – Renewable power sources like solar and wind energy.

  • Example: Investing in green energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

• Public Awareness Campaigns (n.) – Efforts to educate people about pollution risks.

  • Example: Public awareness campaigns encourage carpooling to cut emissions.

Technological and Scientific Terms

• Air Purifier (n.) – A device that removes pollutants from indoor air.

  • Example: Many households use air purifiers during haze seasons.

• Carbon Footprint (n.) – The total greenhouse gases produced by an individual or organization.

  

  • Example: Reducing your carbon footprint helps fight climate change.

• Satellite Monitoring (n.) – Using satellites to track pollution levels globally.

  • Example: Satellite monitoring helps scientists analyze haze patterns.

• Climate Change (n.) – Long-term shifts in weather patterns due to human activities.

  • Example: Air pollution accelerates climate change by trapping heat.

Common Phrases and Expressions

• "The air is thick with pollution." – Describes heavily polluted air.
• "A blanket of smog covers the city." – Indicates widespread haze.
• "Toxic air alerts" – Warnings issued when pollution reaches dangerous levels.
• "Clear the air" – Literally means improving air quality, but also metaphorically means resolving misunderstandings.

How Individuals Can Help

• Reduce car usage – Walk, bike, or use public transport.
• Support clean energy – Choose solar or wind power when possible.
• Plant trees – Trees absorb CO₂ and improve air quality.
• Stay informed – Check AQI reports and take precautions on high-pollution days.

Air pollution affects everyone, and understanding these terms helps in discussions, policymaking, and personal actions. By learning and sharing this vocabulary, we contribute to a cleaner, healthier future.