雅思写作任务二常要求考生讨论某一现象的利弊,这类题目看似简单,但要拿高分需掌握清晰的结构和逻辑,本文提供一套高效的分析模板,结合评分标准中的四项核心要求(任务回应、连贯衔接、词汇丰富、语法准确),帮助考生快速构建有深度的议论文。
利弊类题目核心特征
雅思写作中常见的利弊题型包括:
- 单向利弊分析:如“远程办公的优缺点”
- 双向对比:如“电子书是否完全取代纸质书”
- 隐含利弊:如“政府是否应限制快餐广告”
无论哪种形式,需注意: 中的限定词(如“mainly”“completely”)决定讨论范围
- 必须涵盖正反两面,即使题目问“Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”也需先分析双方
高分结构模板(四段式)
开头段:精准破题
避免模板化表达如“With the development of society”,直接切入主题:
- 背景句(可选):用1句话说明现象普遍性
例:Online education has become a mainstream alternative to traditional classrooms. - 明确立场:用转折词引出讨论重点
例:While digital learning offers flexibility, its impact on educational quality remains controversial.
高分技巧:
- 使用“This essay will examine both perspectives before reaching a conclusion”替代“I will discuss both sides”
- 避免绝对化表述,保留讨论空间
主体段1:利端分析
采用“论点+论据+效果”结构:
- 核心优势:用概括性主题句开头
例:The primary benefit lies in accessibility. - 具体论证:结合数据或实例
例:A 2023 UNESCO report showed online platforms increased enrollment rates in rural areas by 37%. - 延伸影响:说明长期价值
例:This democratization of education helps bridge regional disparities.
词汇升级:
- 基础词“good”→ 高分词“tangible benefits”“far-reaching implications”
- 连接词“also” → “more significantly”“equally noteworthy”
主体段2:弊端分析
通过对比凸显批判性思维:
- 承认对立观点:用让步状语从句
例:Despite its convenience, critics argue virtual learning lacks interpersonal engagement. - 具体缺陷:分点说明
例:Firstly, the absence of face-to-face interaction may hinder collaborative skills development. - 结果论证:引用研究或逻辑推导
例:Stanford researchers found online students scored 15% lower on teamwork assessments.
逻辑强化:
- 使用“This is compounded by...”体现问题叠加效应
- 通过“Without proper regulation,...”展示因果关系
结尾段:平衡结论
避免简单重复开头,应体现思考深度:
- 总结核心矛盾:用“While...it must be acknowledged...”结构
- 提出条件性立场:
例:Digital education proves advantageous when supplemented with occasional in-person sessions. - 展望建议(可选):
例:Investing in hybrid models could maximize benefits while mitigating drawbacks.
禁忌:
- 绝对化结论如“Therefore, online courses are definitely better”
- 引入新论点
易错点与提分策略
论证空洞
低分示例:
“Online learning is convenient because students can study anytime.”
改进方案:
- 添加具体场景:“Working professionals particularly benefit from 24/7 access to recorded lectures.”
- 引入对比:“Unlike rigid classroom schedules, this flexibility allows parents to balance childcare.”
逻辑断裂
问题段落:
“E-books save paper. People read faster on tablets.”
修正方法:
- 添加连接词:“Beyond environmental benefits, e-books enhance reading efficiency; a 2022 MIT study revealed tablet users completed texts 20% faster due to adjustable fonts.”
词汇单一
重复使用“important”时替换为:
- 正向:crucial, pivotal, instrumental
- 负向:detrimental, problematic, counterproductive
真题应用示范
Some believe that international tourism creates tension between nations. Discuss both views.
高分提纲:
- :全球化使国际旅游激增→文化摩擦与经济效益并存
- 利端:
- 经济:旅游业占泰国GDP的12%(世界银行数据)
- 文化:日本“omotenashi” hospitality提升国家形象
- 弊端:
- 资源冲突:威尼斯居民抗议过度旅游
- 文化误解:中东国家因游客着装引发争议
- :需通过游客教育和本地保护政策实现平衡
个人观点
利弊类文章的本质是展示辩证思考能力,考官更看重如何论证而非立场本身,用“This does not mean...but rather...”等句型体现复杂逻辑,比强行支持某一方更能赢得高分,平时练习时,建议用手机备忘录随时记录社会热点事件的利弊角度,培养快速构建论点的敏感度。